【海嘯】
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal align=center><FONT color=red size=5><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW><FONT color=blue>【</FONT>海嘯<FONT color=blue>】</FONT></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>海嘯是指由海底地震，火山爆發和水下滑坡、塌陷所激發的，其波長可達幾百公里的海洋巨波。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>它在濱海區域的表現形式是海水陡漲，驟然形成</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>水牆</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>，伴隨著隆隆巨響，暫態侵入濱海陸地，吞沒良田和城鎮村莊，然後海水又驟然退去，或先退後漲，有時反復多次，造成生命財產巨大損失。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>本地海嘯在海嘯波到達前：還常伴有強烈的地震或震災發生。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>我國也是多風暴潮災害的國家，歷代都把風暴潮和地震海嘯所表現的潮位異常混稱為海嘯、海溢或大海潮等。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>近</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>年多年來，我國學術界決定把風暴和地震引起的潮位異常分別稱為風暴潮和海嘯。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>另外，有時把天文、風暴和地震原因造成潮位異常所引起的濱海地區受淹導致的災害統稱為</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US> “</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>潮災。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>但多數情況下，所謂潮災就是習慣地指風暴潮災害。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>大洋中海嘯震源附近水面最初的升高幅度只有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>至</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>米，這種洋波移行在深水大洋時，波長可達幾十到數百公里，週期之至</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US><SPAN class=t_tag href="tag.php?name=200">200</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>分，最常見的是之至狽分，傳播速度可達近千公里／小時。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>所以海嘯不會在深海大洋造成災害甚至難於察覺這種波動。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>然而當海嘯波進入大陸架後，因深度急劇變淺，能量集中，引起振幅增大。若大陸架很窄，從海面到海底流速幾乎一樣的海嘯波攜帶巨大能量直沖岸邊或港灣，波高驟增，這時可能出現波幅為</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>20--30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>米的巨浪和造成波峰倒卷。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>這種巨波沖到那裡，那裡便是一片廢墟，也正是這些地方，海嘯才變為生命的最大威脅和可怕的自然現象。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=ZH-TW> </SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><BR><BR></SPAN><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>1960</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>年</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>月</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>智利中南部的海底發生了強烈地震</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>引發了巨大的海嘯</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>導致數萬人死亡和失蹤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>沿岸的碼頭全部癱瘓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,200</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>萬人無家可歸</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=ZH-TW>這是世界上影響範圍最大、也是最嚴重的一次海嘯災難</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt" lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><FONT color=blue><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'PMingLiU','serif'; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang=ZH-TW>本文鏈接</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU" lang=EN-US><FONT face=Calibri><SPAN class=t_tag href="tag.php?name=http">http</SPAN>://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2<SPAN class=t_tag href="tag.php?name=109">109</SPAN>8057.html</FONT></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></P>
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